These are international evaluation and certification systems for new or existing buildings that measure their level of sustainability. This includes energy efficiency, water efficiency, resource use (land, water, raw materials, etc.), indoor environmental health, and sustainability at both the urban and outdoor space scales. 

The most widespread environmental protocols are LEED® (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and WELL®, both of U.S. origin, along with the BREEAM® (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) protocol, which originated in the United Kingdom. 

BREEAM® and LEED® share a common focus on energy efficiency, reducing CO2 emissions, using more sustainable materials, and responsible waste management. Conversely, the WELL® protocol is more focused on the well-being and health of indoor occupants regarding air, water, and lighting quality, as well as thermal and acoustic comfort, aiming to promote healthy lifestyles. The latter is often integrated with the other two because, while sharing several evaluation criteria, it focuses on complementary aspects.  

An environmental protocol is a standard that establishes the criteria, guidelines, and requirements for evaluating a building's sustainability, whereas certification is the concrete result of a verification process carried out by an independent body that attests to compliance with the protocol.  

No, LEED®, WELL®, and BREEAM® certification applies to the building and not the products. Construction materials—through certifications such as EPD (Environmental Product Declaration)—contribute to achieving the building's score.  

The construction market demands environmental certifications to meet ever-growing market needs, such as: 

• Sustainability in terms of occupant comfort and health; 
• Increased asset value, leading to higher sales prices and rental rates, while simultaneously reducing the time needed to find interested buyers or tenants; 
• Competitive differentiation, as certified buildings are perceived as innovative and modern, making them more attractive to investors; 
• Reduced operating and maintenance costs; 
• Enhanced reputation and branding, since owning or leasing a certified building communicates a concrete commitment to sustainability and well-being. 

Various categories of paints and coatings contribute to earning credits under environmental protocols based on key factors, including: documented low VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) content and emissions, EPD (Environmental Product Declarations), and other recognized certifications. Additionally, coatings characterized by recycled material content are also rewarded by sustainability certification protocols.